13 research outputs found
Spectral footprints of impurity scattering in graphene nanoribbons
We report a detailed investigation of the interplay between size quantization
and local scattering centers in graphene nanoribbons, as seen in the local
density of states. The spectral signatures, obtained after Fourier
transformation of the local density of states, include characteristic peaks
that can be related to the transverse modes of the nanoribbon. In armchair
ribbons, the Fourier transformed density of states of one of the two
inequivalent sublattices takes a form similar to that of a quantum channel in a
two-dimensional electron gas, modified according to the differences in
bandstructure. After addition of the second sublattice contribution, a
characteristic modulation of the pattern due to superposition is obtained,
similar to what has been obtained in spectra due to single impurity scattering
in large-area graphene. We present analytic results for the electron propagator
in armchair nanoribbons in the Dirac approximation, including a single
scattering center within a T-matrix formulation. For comparison, we have
extended the investigation with numerics obtained with an atomistic recursive
Green's function approach. The spectral signatures of the atomistic approach
include the effects of trigonal warping. The impurity induced oscillations in
the local density of states are not decaying at large distance in few-mode
nanoribbons.Comment: 21 pages, 12 figure
Large Thermoelectric Effects and Inelastic Scattering in Unconventional Superconductors
The thermoelectric coefficient in unconventional superconductors is
enhanced below by intermediate strength impurity scattering that is
intrinsically particle-hole asymmetric. We compute for a
strong-coupling d-wave superconductor and investigate the effects of inelastic
scattering originating from electron-boson interactions. We show that
is severely suppressed at temperatures just below by a particle-hole
symmetric inelastic scattering rate. At lower temperatures inelastic scattering
is frozen out and recovers and regains its large amplitude. In the
limit , we have , where the slope
contains information about the Drude plasma frequency, the details
of impurity scattering, and the change in effective mass by electron-boson
interactions. In this limit can be used as a probe, complementary to
the universal heat and charge conductivities, in investigations of the nature
of nodal quasiparticles.Comment: 2 pages, 1 figure, submitted to 24th International Conference on Low
Temperature Physic
Large Thermoelectric Effects in Unconventional Superconductors
We present analytic and numerical results for the thermoelectric effect in
unconventional superconductors with a dilute random distribution of impurities,
each scattering isotropically but with a phase shift intermediate between the
Born and unitary limits. The thermoelectric response function has a linear
temperature dependence at low temperatures, with a slope that depends on the
impurity concentration and phase shift. Although the thermoelectric effect
vanishes identically in the strict Born and unitary limits, even a small
deviation of the phase shift from these limits leads to a large response,
especially in clean systems. We also discuss possibilities of measuring
counter-flowing supercurrents in a SQUID-setup. The non-quantized
thermoelectrically induced flux can easily be of the order of a percent of the
flux quantum in clean systems at 4He temperatures.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure
Destroyed quantum Hall effect in graphene with [0001] tilt grain boundaries
The reason why the half-integer quantum Hall effect (QHE) is suppressed in
graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is unclear. We propose that
it might be connected to extended defects in the material and present results
for the quantum Hall effect in graphene with [0001] tilt grain boundaries
connecting opposite sides of Hall bar devices. Such grain boundaries contain
5-7 ring complexes that host defect states that hybridize to form bands with
varying degree of metallicity depending on grain boundary defect density. In a
magnetic field, edge states on opposite sides of the Hall bar can be connected
by the defect states along the grain boundary. This destroys Hall resistance
quantization and leads to non-zero longitudinal resistance. Anderson disorder
can partly recover quantization, where current instead flows along returning
paths along the grain boundary depending on defect density in the grain
boundary and on disorder strength. Since grain sizes in graphene made by
chemical vapor deposition are usually small, this may help explain why the
quantum Hall effect is usually poorly developed in devices made of this
material.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Shot noise in a harmonically driven ballistic graphene transistor
We study time-dependent electron transport and quantum noise in a ballistic
graphene field effect transistor driven by an ac gate potential. The non-linear
response to the ac signal is computed through Floquet theory for scattering
states and Landauer-B\"uttiker theory for charge current and its fluctuations.
Photon-assisted excitation of a quasibound state in the top-gate barrier leads
to resonances in transmission that strongly influence the noise properties. For
strong doping of graphene under source and drain contacts, when electrons are
transmitted through the channel via evanescent waves, the resonance leads to a
substantial suppression of noise. The Fano factor is then reduced well below
the pseudo-diffusive value, , also for strong ac drive. The good
signal-to-noise ratio (small Fano factor) on resonance suggests that the device
is a good candidate for high-frequency (THz) radiation detection. We show
analytically that Klein tunneling (total suppression of back-reflection)
persists for perpendicular incidence also when the barrier is driven
harmonically. Although the transmission is inelastic and distributed among
sideband energies, a sum rule leads to total suppression of shot noise.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure
Quantum Hall effect in graphene with twisted bilayer stripe defects
We analyze the quantum Hall effect in single layer graphene with bilayer
stripe defects. Such defects are often encountered at steps in the substrate of
graphene grown on silicon carbide. We show that AB or AA stacked bilayer
stripes result in large Hall conductivity fluctuations that destroy the quantum
Hall plateaux. The fluctuations are a result of the coupling of edge states at
opposite edges through currents traversing the stripe. Upon rotation of the
second layer with respect to the continuous monolayer (a twisted-bilayer stripe
defect), such currents decouple from the extended edge states and develop into
long-lived discrete quasi bound states circulating around the perimeter of the
stripe. Backscattering of edge modes then occurs only at precise resonant
energies, and hence the quantum Hall plateaux are recovered as twist angle
grows.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, published versio
Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems
We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts and benefits reaching into most areas of society. This roadmap was developed within the framework of the European Graphene Flagship and outlines the main targets and research areas as best understood at the start of this ambitious project. We provide an overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials (GRMs), ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries. We also define an extensive list of acronyms in an effort to standardize the nomenclature in this emerging field.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
A finite element method for the quasiclassical theory of superconductivity
The Eilenberger-Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Eliashberg quasiclassical theory of
superconductivity is a powerful method enabling studies of a wide range of
equilibrium and non-equilibrium phenomena in conventional and unconventional
superconductors. We introduce here a finite element method, based on a
discontinuous Galerkin approach, to self-consistently solve the underlying
transport equations for general device geometries, arbitrary mean free path and
symmetry of the superconducting order parameter. We present exemplary results
on i) the influence of scalar impurity scattering on phase crystals in -wave
superconducting grains at low temperatures and ii) the current flow and
focusing in -wave superconducting weak links, modeling recent experimental
realizations of grooved high-temperature superconducting Dayem bridges. The
high adaptability of this finite element method for quasiclassical theory paves
the way for future investigations of superconducting devices and new physical
phenomena in unconventional superconductors.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figure
Disorder-robust phase crystal in high-temperature superconductors stabilized by strong correlations
The simultaneous interplay of strong electron-electron correlations, topological zero-energy states, and disorder is yet an unexplored territory but of immense interest due to their inevitable presence in many materials. Copper oxide high-temperature superconductors (cuprates) with pair breaking edges host a flat band of topological zero-energy states, making them an ideal playground where strong correlations, topology, and disorder are strongly intertwined. Here we show that this interplay in cuprates generates a fully gapped 'phase crystal' state that breaks both translational and time-reversal invariance, characterized by a modulation of the d-wave superconducting phase co-existing with a modulating extended s-wave superconducting order. In contrast to conventional wisdom, we find that this phase crystal state is remarkably robust to omnipresent disorder, but only in the presence of strong correlations, thus giving a clear route to its experimental realization